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| Title | Analysis of monoclonal antibodies against the malaria invasion complex protein RIPR reveals the structural basis for synergistic antibody protection. |
|---|---|
| Journal, issue, pages | Immunity, Year 2026 |
| Publish date | Jun 12, 2026 |
Authors | Barnabas G Williams / Jordan R Barrett / Josefin Bartholdson Scott / Cassandra A Rigby / Matteo Cagiada / Doris Quinkert / Kirsty McHugh / Anna Huhn / Sean A Burnap / Camille Gourjault / Francesca Byrne / Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan / Ana Rodrigues / Laura Bergamaschi / Beatrice Balzarotti / Simon Watson / Noah Miller / Lloyd D W King / Francesca R Donnellan / Camilla A Gladstone / Jemima Paterson / Stefania Scalabrino / Sarah E Silk / Jo Salkeld / Angela M Minassian / Katherine Skinner / Weston B Struwe / Charlotte M Deane / Stephen T Reece / Andrew B Ward / Simon J Draper / ![]() |
| PubMed Abstract | Plasmodium falciparum RH5-interacting protein (RIPR) is central to the essential PTRAMP-CSS-RIPR-CyRPA-RH5 (PCRCR) complex, a leading target of blood-stage malaria vaccines. However, mechanisms ...Plasmodium falciparum RH5-interacting protein (RIPR) is central to the essential PTRAMP-CSS-RIPR-CyRPA-RH5 (PCRCR) complex, a leading target of blood-stage malaria vaccines. However, mechanisms whereby anti-RIPR antibodies inhibit parasite invasion are poorly understood. We characterized 83 human IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from RIPR-vaccinated Kymouse platform mice. Single mAbs had minimal neutralizing activity; however, high-level synergistic inhibition was observed with pools of mAbs targeting the RIPR-tail region. Structural characterization and molecular dynamics simulations of RIPR-tail showed that mAbs targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 6-8 (RIPR), but not RIPR or the C-terminal domain (RIPR), synergized to constrain the RIPR-tail conformation. The same antibodies dissociated PTRAMP-CSS from RIPR, thereby enabling anti-RIPR mAbs or anti-CSS single-domain Abs to bind and potentiate anti-RIPR IgG. Addition of these mAbs to IgG from humans immunized with the R78C (RIPR-CyRPA) candidate vaccine enhanced malaria growth inhibition. These data provide a framework to guide next-generation blood-stage malaria vaccine design. |
External links | Immunity / PubMed:42285102 |
| Methods | EM (single particle) |
| Resolution | 2.97 - 4.01 Å |
| Structure data | EMDB-72260, PDB-9q69: EMDB-72265, PDB-9q6b: EMDB-72294, PDB-9q7c: |
| Source |
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Keywords | IMMUNE SYSTEM / Malaria / RIPR / Monoclonal antibodies / Vaccine / Invasion complex / Plasmodium falciparum |
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