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TitleRNA polymerase inhibitors reveal active-site motions essential for the nucleotide-addition cycle.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2026
Publish dateApr 7, 2026
AuthorsYukti Dhingra / Robert Landick / Elizabeth A Campbell / Seth A Darst /
PubMed AbstractThe nucleotide-addition cycle (NAC) of multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) involves coordinated conformational changes in conserved active-site structural elements, including the ...The nucleotide-addition cycle (NAC) of multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) involves coordinated conformational changes in conserved active-site structural elements, including the trigger loop (TL). The TL is open (unfolded) in most RNAP structures but can close (fold) in substrate-bound (post- or pre-translocated) states of the RNAP, promoting catalysis. TL closure has been associated with closure of another conserved structural element, the Rim-Helices/F-loop (RH-FL), but the role of the RH-FL in the NAC is unclear. Antibiotic leads CBR9379 and AAP-SO inhibit the and RNAPs, respectively, by binding in a pocket formed by the bridge helix and RH-FL. The precise mechanism of action for these inhibitors is yet to be defined. We present cryo-electron microscopy structures showing that both compounds inhibit the RNAP NAC by preventing RH-FL closure, thereby allosterically destabilizing the closed TL. This work reveals a conserved mechanistic principle of RNAP catalysis across all domains of life and provides new insight for antibiotic design.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:41993335 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.8 - 2.9 Å
Structure data

EMDB-75279, PDB-10ma:
Closed Eco-ePEC: Cryo-EM structure of Eco RNAP his-elemental paused elongation complex with a closed active site (closed TL, SI3 and RH-FL)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.9 Å

EMDB-75280, PDB-10mb:
Open1 Eco-ePEC: Cryo-EM structure of Eco RNAP his-elemental paused elongation complex with an open active site (open TL, SI3 and RH-FL)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.9 Å

EMDB-75281, PDB-10mc:
Open2 Eco-ePEC: Cryo-EM structure of Eco RNAP his-elemental paused elongation complex with an open active site (open TL, SI3 and RH-FL)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.8 Å

EMDB-75282, PDB-10md:
Open3 Eco-ePEC: Cryo-EM structure of Eco RNAP his-elemental paused elongation complex with an open active site (open TL, SI3 and RH-FL)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.8 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-1N7:
CHAPSO / detergent*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • escherichia coli (E. coli)
KeywordsTranscription/DNA/RNA / Transcription / DNA/RNA / Nucleotide addition cycle / RNA polymerase / Transcription-DNA-RNA complex

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