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TitleStructure and dynamics of a multidomain nitric oxide synthase regulated by a C2 domain.
Journal, issue, pagesSci Adv, Vol. 12, Issue 8, Page eaeb4529, Year 2026
Publish dateFeb 20, 2026
AuthorsDhruva Nair / Brian R Crane /
PubMed AbstractNitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a widely studied multidomain redox enzyme that produces the key signaling molecule and cytotoxic agent nitric oxide (NO) for functions that range from mammalian ...Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a widely studied multidomain redox enzyme that produces the key signaling molecule and cytotoxic agent nitric oxide (NO) for functions that range from mammalian vasodilation to prokaryotic antibiotic resistance. NOS enzymes from metazoans and cyanobacteria rely on dynamic associations of their oxygenase and coupled diflavin reductase domains that have largely evaded detailed structural characterization. Cryo-electron microscopy studies of a representative dimeric six-domain NOS reveal the architecture of the full-length enzyme, which contains an unusual regulatory C2 domain, and additional nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) and pseudoglobin modules. Five distinct structural states depict how pterin binding couples to tight and loose oxygenase conformations and how the Ca-sensitive C2 domain moves over 85 angstroms to alternatively regulate either the NOS or NOD heme center. The extended carboxyl-terminal tail and its dynamic interactions highlight an added layer of regulation required by multidomain NOSs compared to other diflavin reductases.
External linksSci Adv / PubMed:41719409 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.08 - 3.9 Å
Structure data

72087

9q05

EMDB-72087, PDB-9q05:
syNOS monomer bound to NADPH
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.09 Å

72088

9q06

EMDB-72088, PDB-9q06:
Symmetric Inactivated Locked State
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

72109

9q0x

EMDB-72109, PDB-9q0x:
syNOS Turnover State
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.77 Å

72110

9q0y

EMDB-72110, PDB-9q0y:
Asymmetric syNOS
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.19 Å

72116

9q15

EMDB-72116, PDB-9q15:
syNOS Asymmetric Locked State (Composite)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.08 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-HEM:
PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE

ChemComp-FAD:
FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE / FAD*YM

ChemComp-FMN:
FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE

ChemComp-NAP:
NADP NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE

Source
  • synechococcus sp. pcc 7335 (bacteria)
KeywordsOXIDOREDUCTASE / NOS / FAD / FMN / NADPH / C2 domain / Heme / HEM / Electron Transfer

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