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TitleRibosomal RNA expansion segments mediate the oligomerization of inactive animal ribosomes.
Journal, issue, pagesScience, Vol. 391, Issue 6787, Page eadr4287, Year 2026
Publish dateFeb 19, 2026
AuthorsAndre Schwarz / Mara Mueller / Helene Will / Lea Dietrich / Stefano L Giandomenico / Georgi Tushev / Ina Bartnik / Iskander Khusainov / Claudia M Fusco / Erin M Schuman /
PubMed AbstractCells down-regulate protein synthesis when stressed to conserve energy and shift resources toward repair. We found that in some mammalian cells, including neurons, stress also resulted in the ...Cells down-regulate protein synthesis when stressed to conserve energy and shift resources toward repair. We found that in some mammalian cells, including neurons, stress also resulted in the formation of inactive ribosome-ribosome clusters (disomes). We used cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize ribosomes in situ and observed that this ribosome dimerization was mediated by a homotypic interaction of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) expansion segment ES31Lb. ES31Lb interactions were both necessary and sufficient for disome formation and conferred a growth advantage and stress resistance to brain cells. ES31Lb is predicted to homodimerize in ~20% of chordates, including variants in both chicken and human. Cryo-ET analysis of chicken tetrasomes revealed an interaction between ES31Lb and ES9La. Thus, in animal cells, translation regulation can use a flexible component of the protein synthesis machinery-rRNA expansion segments.
External linksScience / PubMed:41712727
MethodsEM (subtomogram averaging)
Resolution5.4 - 27.5 Å
Structure data

EMDB-55369: Control media rat neuronal 80S ribosome - consensus
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 6.3 Å

EMDB-55370: Control media rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - decoding
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55371: Control media rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - peptide bond formation
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55372: Control media rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - pre-translocating
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55373: Control media rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - hibernating I
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 6.3 Å

EMDB-55374: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome - consensus
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55375: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - decoding
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 6.1 Å

EMDB-55376: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - peptide bond formation
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.8 Å

EMDB-55377: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - pre-translocating
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 8.0 Å

EMDB-55378: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - hibernating II
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 8.4 Å

EMDB-55379: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - hibernating III
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55381: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 80S ribosome state - hibernating IV
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 5.4 Å

EMDB-55383: Nutrient deprived rat neuronal 110S disome
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 17.5 Å

EMDB-55384: 1 h nitrogen + carbon starved yeast-rat-hybrid hibernating disome
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 15.2 Å

EMDB-55385: 3-4 h cold shock chicken neuronal hibernating tetrasome
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 27.5 Å

Source
  • Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
  • Gallus gallus (chicken)

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