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TitleMolecular insights into ligand recognition and signaling of OXGR1.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Vol. 16, Issue 1, Page 11205, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 18, 2025
AuthorsAijun Liu / Yezhou Liu / Yuanzhengyang Long / Richard D Ye /
PubMed AbstractGPR99/OXGR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with two endogenous agonists, the tricarboxylic acid cycle derivative 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and the inflammatory mediator cysteinyl ...GPR99/OXGR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with two endogenous agonists, the tricarboxylic acid cycle derivative 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and the inflammatory mediator cysteinyl leukotriene E4 (LTE), hence also termed CysLT3 receptor. How GPR99/OXGR1 recognizes two distinct ligands is a biologically important question. Here we present cryo-EM structures of GPR99/OXGR1-Gq complexed with oxoglutarate and LTE, respectively. The oxoglutarate-bound structure shows a binding pocket surrounded by the transmembrane domains (TM), with a primary site and an accessory site for simultaneous binding of two oxoglutarate molecules for full activation of the receptor. The TM binding pocket, however, is too small to accommodate the cysteinyl leukotriene LTE. Alanine substitution of key residues for oxoglutarate binding had little impact on LTE-induced signaling. A distinct site in between TM3/4/5 just above intracellular loop 2 was identified in the solved structure with LTE, but the densities were less well-defined. Alanine substitution of amino acids potentially involved in LTE interaction at this site abrogated LTE-induced receptor activation without affecting oxoglutarate-induced signaling. Both ligands activated GPR99/OXGR1 primarily through the Gq pathway, but LTE also induced Gi signaling. These findings illustrate the structural basis for GPR99/OXGR1 to interact with structurally distict oxoglutarate and LTE.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:41413034 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.84 - 3.16 Å
Structure data

39681

8yyw

EMDB-39681, PDB-8yyw:
Cryo-EM structure of OXGR1 bound to alpha-ketoglutarate and Gq proteins
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.16 Å

39682

8yyx

EMDB-39682, PDB-8yyx:
Cryo-EM structure of OXGR1 bound to leukotriene E4 and Gq proteins
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.84 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-AKG:
2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID

ChemComp-CLR:
CHOLESTEROL

PDB-1d7p:
Crystal structure of the c2 domain of human factor viii at 1.5 a resolution at 1.5 A

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • vicugna pacos (alpaca)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / GPCR / OXGR

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