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Structure paper

TitleStructurally diverse viral inhibitors converge on a shared mechanism to stall the antigen transporter TAP.
Journal, issue, pagesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 122, Issue 38, Page e2516676122, Year 2025
Publish dateSep 23, 2025
AuthorsJames Lee / Victor Manon / Jue Chen /
PubMed AbstractIn the host-pathogen arms race, herpesviruses and poxviruses encode proteins that sabotage the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), thereby suppressing MHC-I antigen presentation and ...In the host-pathogen arms race, herpesviruses and poxviruses encode proteins that sabotage the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), thereby suppressing MHC-I antigen presentation and enabling lifelong infection. Of the five known viral TAP inhibitors, only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein ICP47 has been structurally resolved. We now report cryoelectron microscopy structures of TAP in complex with the remaining four: BNLF2a (Epstein-Barr virus), hUS6 (human cytomegalovirus), bUL49.5 (bovine herpesvirus 1), and CPXV012 (cowpox virus), assembling a structural atlas of viral TAP evasion. Despite employing divergent sequences, folds, and conformational targets, these viral inhibitors converge on a common strategy: they stall TAP from the alternating access cycle, precluding peptide entry into the ER and shielding infected cells from cytotoxic T cell surveillance. These findings reveal striking functional convergence and provide a structural framework for rational antiviral design.
External linksProc Natl Acad Sci U S A / PubMed:40956880 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.44 - 3.8 Å
Structure data

70241

9o94

EMDB-70241, PDB-9o94:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) EQ mutant bound to the viral protein bUL49.5 in the outward-facing kinked state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

70246

9o9d

EMDB-70246, PDB-9o9d:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) EQ mutant bound to the viral protein bUL49.5 in the outward-facing unkinked state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.44 Å

70314

9ocg

EMDB-70314, PDB-9ocg:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) bound to the viral protein BNLF2a in the inward-facing state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

70315

9och

EMDB-70315, PDB-9och:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) bound to the viral protein hUS6 in the outward-facing open state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

70316

9oci

EMDB-70316, PDB-9oci:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) bound to the viral protein rhUS6 in the outward-facing open state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

70317

9ocj

EMDB-70317, PDB-9ocj:
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) bound to the viral protein CPXV012 in the outward-facing open state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • bovine alphaherpesvirus 1
  • human gammaherpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)
  • human betaherpesvirus 5
  • macacine betaherpesvirus 3 (Rhesus cytomegalovirus)
  • cowpox virus
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / ABC transporter / antigen processing / peptide transporter / herpesvirus / immune evasion / Epstein-Barr / cytomegalovirus / poxvirus / cowpox

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