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TitleMolecular basis of sarbecovirus evolution and receptor tropism in natural hosts, potential intermediate hosts, and humans.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 44, Issue 9, Page 116220, Year 2025
Publish dateSep 23, 2025
AuthorsYusuke Kosugi / Kanata Matsumoto / Spyros Lytras / Arnon Plianchaisuk / Jarel Elgin Tolentino / Shigeru Fujita / Maximilian Stanley Yo / Chen Luo / Yoonjin Kim / Wataru Shihoya / Jumpei Ito / Osamu Nureki / Kei Sato /
PubMed AbstractThe spike protein of many sarbecoviruses binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and facilitates viral entry. The diversification of the sarbecovirus spike gene and the mammalian ...The spike protein of many sarbecoviruses binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and facilitates viral entry. The diversification of the sarbecovirus spike gene and the mammalian ACE2 gene suggests that sarbecoviruses and their hosts have co-evolved, and the genetic diversity in these genes affects the host tropism of sarbecoviruses. Better comprehending the evolutionary potential of sarbecoviruses can lead to preparedness for the next pandemic. However, the host tropism of sarbecoviruses is not fully understood. Here, we performed pseudovirus infection assays using 53 sarbecoviruses and ACE2s from 17 mammals to elucidate the ACE2 tropism of sarbecoviruses in natural hosts, potential intermediate hosts, and humans. We determined the factors responsible for the ACE2 tropism of sarbecoviruses through structural and phylogenetic analyses and infection experiments, revealing which substitutions can expand the host range of sarbecoviruses. These results highlight the mechanisms modulating host tropism throughout sarbecovirus evolution.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:40934083
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.55 - 2.79 Å
Structure data

63603

9m3f

EMDB-63603, PDB-9m3f:
Cryo-EM structure of Rc-o319 RBD/R. cornutus ACE2 complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.79 Å

65045

9vg7

EMDB-65045, PDB-9vg7:
Cryo-EM Structure of Rc-o319 Ectodomain trimer
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.55 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

Source
  • rhinolophus cornutus (Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat)
  • sarbecovirus
  • Coronaviridae (virus)
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / Rhinolophus cornutus / Coronavirinae / COMPLEX

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