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TitleMouse monoclonal antibodies against toxins TcdA and TcdB target diverse epitopes for neutralization.
Journal, issue, pagesInfect Immun, Vol. 93, Issue 10, Page e0013925, Year 2025
Publish dateOct 14, 2025
AuthorsHeather K Kroh / Jaime L Jensen / Sabine Wellnitz / Jeong Jin Park / Alexandre Esadze / Kevin W Huynh / Mark Ammirati / Seungil Han / Annaliesa S Anderson / D Borden Lacy / Alexey Gribenko /
PubMed Abstract is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that can cause infections in subjects with weakened immune system or following antibiotic treatment. These infections may lead to pseudomembranous colitis ... is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that can cause infections in subjects with weakened immune system or following antibiotic treatment. These infections may lead to pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans. As such, is a major cause of nosocomial illness worldwide. Major virulence factors of the bacterium are the large clostridium toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB)-high molecular mass proteins with intrinsic glucosyltransferase activity. Toxins bind to the intestinal epithelium and undergo endocytosis by the epithelial cells, followed by a conformational change triggered by the low pH of early endosomes. This conformational change leads to the exposure of hydrophobic segments, followed by membrane insertion, formation of pores, and translocation of the glucosyltransferase domain into the cellular cytoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm, the glucosyltransferase domain inactivates small GTPases of the Rho family of proteins, leading to the disruption of the cytoskeleton. In the current work, we describe the discovery and characterization of a panel of neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies capable of interfering with several steps of cellular intoxication by the toxins. The antibodies were produced using hybridoma technology. Neutralizing activity of the antibodies was confirmed using toxin neutralization assays, and functional assays were used to identify specific neutralization mechanisms. Binding epitopes of the antibodies were identified by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and confirmed through negative-stain and cryo-electron microscopy. Together, our results show that full-length toxins and/or genetically- and chemically-modified toxoids can induce a wide spectrum of antibodies capable of neutralizing the toxins via a variety of mechanisms.
External linksInfect Immun / PubMed:40844461 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.2 Å
Structure data

48707

9mx1

EMDB-48707, PDB-9mx1:
Clostridioides difficile Toxin A with mCDIFA-248-25 Fab
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

Source
  • clostridioides difficile (bacteria)
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / TOXIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / Toxin A / TcdA / C.diff / Complex / TOXIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex

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