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TitlePHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase that lost activity in the metazoan ancestor.
Journal, issue, pagesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 122, Issue 14, Page e2417218122, Year 2025
Publish dateApr 8, 2025
AuthorsTarik Husremović / Vanessa Meier / Lucas Piëch / Katharina M Siess / Sumire Antonioli / Irina Grishkovskaya / Nikoleta Kircheva / Silvia E Angelova / Karoline Wenzl / Andreas Brandstätter / Jiri Veis / Fran Miočić-Stošić / Dorothea Anrather / Markus Hartl / Linda Truebestein / Luis M Cerron-Alvan / Martin Leeb / Bojan Žagrović / Stephan Hann / Christoph Bock / Egon Ogris / Todor Dudev / Nicholas A T Irwin / David Haselbach / Thomas A Leonard /
PubMed AbstractThe phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major regulator of cell and organismal growth. Consequently, hyperactivation of PI3K and its downstream effector kinase, Akt, is observed in many ...The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major regulator of cell and organismal growth. Consequently, hyperactivation of PI3K and its downstream effector kinase, Akt, is observed in many human cancers. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatases (PHLPP), two paralogous members of the metal-dependent protein phosphatase family, have been reported as negative regulators of Akt signaling and, therefore, tumor suppressors. However, the stoichiometry and identity of the bound metal ion(s), mechanism of action, and enzymatic specificity of these proteins are not known. Seeking to fill these gaps in our understanding of PHLPP biology, we unexpectedly found that PHLPP2 has no catalytic activity in vitro. Instead, we found that PHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase with a single zinc ion bound in its catalytic center. Furthermore, we found that cancer genomics data do not support the proposed role of PHLPP1 or PHLPP2 as tumor suppressors. Phylogenetic analyses revealed an ancestral phosphatase that arose more than 1,000 Mya, but that lost activity at the base of the metazoan lineage. Surface conservation indicates that while PHLPP2 has lost catalytic activity, it may have retained substrate binding. Finally, using phylogenomics, we identify coevolving genes consistent with a scaffolding role for PHLPP2 on membranes. In summary, our results provide a molecular explanation for the inconclusive results that have hampered research on PHLPP and argue for a focus on the noncatalytic roles of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2.
External linksProc Natl Acad Sci U S A / PubMed:40168118 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution5.8 - 6.0 Å
Structure data

EMDB-51182: cryoEM map of human PHLPP2
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.0 Å

EMDB-51183: Structure of human PHLPP2 in conformation 2
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.8 Å

Source
  • Homo sapiens (human)

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