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Title2-oxoglutarate triggers assembly of active dodecameric glutamine synthetase.
Journal, issue, pagesElife, Vol. 13, Year 2025
Publish dateMar 31, 2025
AuthorsEva Herdering / Tristan Reif-Trauttmansdorff / Anuj Kumar / Tim Habenicht / Georg Hochberg / Stefan Bohn / Jan Schuller / Ruth Anne Schmitz /
PubMed AbstractGlutamine synthetases (GS) are central enzymes essential for the nitrogen metabolism across all domains of life. Consequently, they have been extensively studied for more than half a century. Based ...Glutamine synthetases (GS) are central enzymes essential for the nitrogen metabolism across all domains of life. Consequently, they have been extensively studied for more than half a century. Based on the ATP-dependent ammonium assimilation generating glutamine, GS expression and activity are strictly regulated in all organisms. In the methanogenic archaeon , it has been shown that the metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) directly induces the GS activity. Besides, modulation of the activity by interaction with small proteins (GlnK and sP26) has been reported. Here, we show that the strong activation of GS (GlnA) by 2-OG is based on the 2-OG dependent dodecamer assembly of GlnA by using mass photometry (MP) and single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of purified strep-tagged GlnA. The dodecamer assembly from dimers occurred without any detectable intermediate oligomeric state and was not affected in the presence of GlnK. The 2.39 Å cryo-EM structure of the dodecameric complex in the presence of 12.5 mM 2-OG demonstrated that 2-OG is binding between two monomers. Thereby, 2-OG appears to induce the dodecameric assembly in a cooperative way. Furthermore, the active site is primed by an allosteric interaction cascade caused by 2-OG-binding towards an adaption of an open active state conformation. In the presence of additional glutamine, strong feedback inhibition of GS activity was observed. Since glutamine dependent disassembly of the dodecamer was excluded by MP, feedback inhibition most likely relies on the binding of glutamine to the catalytic site. Based on our findings, we propose that under nitrogen limitation the induction of GS into a catalytically active dodecamer is not affected by GlnK and crucially depends on the presence of 2-OG.
External linksElife / PubMed:40163028 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.39 Å
Structure data

19730

8s59

EMDB-19730, PDB-8s59:
Cryo-EM structure of the active dodecameric Methanosarcina mazei glutamine synthetase.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.39 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-AKG:
2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • methanosarcina mazei go1 (archaea)
KeywordsCYTOSOLIC PROTEIN / Glutamine synthetases / nitrogen metabolism / ammonium assimilation / cryo-EM

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