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- EMDB-37629: Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-... -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-37629
TitleCryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in complex with hippopotamus ACE2
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in complex with hippopotamus ACE2
    • Protein or peptide: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    • Protein or peptide: Spike glycoprotein
  • Ligand: ZINC ION
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
Keywordscomplex / VIRAL PROTEIN/HYDROLASE / VIRAL PROTEIN-HYDROLASE complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Maturation of spike protein / viral translation / Translation of Structural Proteins / Virion Assembly and Release / host cell surface / host extracellular space / suppression by virus of host tetherin activity / Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion / structural constituent of virion / entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell ...Maturation of spike protein / viral translation / Translation of Structural Proteins / Virion Assembly and Release / host cell surface / host extracellular space / suppression by virus of host tetherin activity / Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion / structural constituent of virion / entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / membrane fusion / receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell / Attachment and Entry / positive regulation of viral entry into host cell / receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell / receptor ligand activity / host cell surface receptor binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host innate immune response / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / viral envelope / virion attachment to host cell / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / host cell plasma membrane / virion membrane / identical protein binding / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2 / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, N-terminal domain, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Spike glycoprotein, betacoronavirus / Spike glycoprotein, N-terminal domain superfamily / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit N-terminal (NTD) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit C-terminal (CTD) domain profile. / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Spike S1 subunit, receptor binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus ...Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2 / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, N-terminal domain, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal / Spike glycoprotein, betacoronavirus / Spike glycoprotein, N-terminal domain superfamily / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit N-terminal (NTD) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S1 subunit C-terminal (CTD) domain profile. / Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Spike S1 subunit, receptor binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal domain, betacoronavirus-like / Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal / Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 1 / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 2 / Coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S2 subunit heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region profile. / Coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein S2 subunit heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region profile. / Spike glycoprotein S2 superfamily, coronavirus / Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus / Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.12 Å
AuthorsHan P / Yang RR / Li SH
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Chinese Academy of SciencesXDB29010202 China
CitationJournal: J Virol / Year: 2024
Title: Molecular basis of hippopotamus ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Ruirui Yang / Pu Han / Pengcheng Han / Dedong Li / Runchu Zhao / Sheng Niu / Kefang Liu / Shihua Li / Wen-Xia Tian / George Fu Gao /
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including hippopotami, which are semi-aquatic mammals and phylogenetically closely related to Cetacea. In this ...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a wide range of hosts, including hippopotami, which are semi-aquatic mammals and phylogenetically closely related to Cetacea. In this study, we characterized the binding properties of hippopotamus angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hiACE2) to the spike (S) protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs). Furthermore, the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 was resolved. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that L30 and F83, which are specific to hiACE2, played a crucial role in the hiACE2/SARS-CoV-2 RBD interaction. In addition, comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 orthologs suggested that the cetaceans may have the potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results provide crucial molecular insights into the susceptibility of hippopotami to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs spillover and the necessity for surveillance.
IMPORTANCE: The hippopotami are the first semi-aquatic artiodactyl mammals wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. Exploration of the invasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 will provide important ...IMPORTANCE: The hippopotami are the first semi-aquatic artiodactyl mammals wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported. Exploration of the invasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 will provide important information for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in hippopotami, as well as other semi-aquatic mammals and cetaceans. Here, we found that hippopotamus ACE2 (hiACE2) could efficiently bind to the RBDs of the SARS-CoV-2 prototype (PT) and variants of concern (VOCs) and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV-2 PT and VOCs pseudoviruses into hiACE2-expressing cells. The cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 PT S protein complexed with hiACE2 elucidated a few critical residues in the RBD/hiACE2 interface, especially L30 and F83 of hiACE2 which are unique to hiACE2 and contributed to the decreased binding affinity to PT RBD compared to human ACE2. Our work provides insight into cross-species transmission and highlights the necessity for monitoring host jumps and spillover events on SARS-CoV-2 in semi-aquatic/aquatic mammals.
History
DepositionSep 30, 2023-
Header (metadata) releaseMar 27, 2024-
Map releaseMar 27, 2024-
UpdateOct 23, 2024-
Current statusOct 23, 2024Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_37629.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_37629.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 343 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.85 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 380.8 Å		0.85 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 380.8 Å		0.85 Å/pix.
x 448 pix.
= 380.8 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.85 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.35
Minimum - Maximum-2.1705227 - 3.9187796
Average (Standard dev.)0.0006134124 (±0.042895235)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions448448448
Spacing448448448
CellA=B=C: 380.80002 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_37629_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_37629_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Sample components

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Entire : SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in com...

EntireName: SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in complex with hippopotamus ACE2
Components
  • Complex: SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in complex with hippopotamus ACE2
    • Protein or peptide: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    • Protein or peptide: Spike glycoprotein
  • Ligand: ZINC ION
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

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Supramolecule #1: SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in com...

SupramoleculeName: SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike protein receptor-binding domain in complex with hippopotamus ACE2
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Macromolecule #1: Angiotensin-converting enzyme

MacromoleculeName: Angiotensin-converting enzyme / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 69.335891 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: QSTTEEQAKT FLLKFDHDAE DLSYQSSLAS WNYNTNITDE NVQKMNEARA KWSAFYEEQS KAAKMFSLEE IQDLTLKRQL QALQQSGTS ALSADKSKRL NTILNTMSTI YSSGKVLDPN TQECLVLEPG LDDIMENSQD YSRRLWAWEG WRAEVGKQLR P LYEEYVVL ...String:
QSTTEEQAKT FLLKFDHDAE DLSYQSSLAS WNYNTNITDE NVQKMNEARA KWSAFYEEQS KAAKMFSLEE IQDLTLKRQL QALQQSGTS ALSADKSKRL NTILNTMSTI YSSGKVLDPN TQECLVLEPG LDDIMENSQD YSRRLWAWEG WRAEVGKQLR P LYEEYVVL ENEMARANNY EDYGDYWRGD YEVTGAGDYD YSRDQLITDV ERTFAEIKPL YEQLHAYVRT KLMDAYPSHI SP TGCLPAH LLGDMWGRFW TNLYPLTVPF GQKPSIDVTR EMENQSWDTK RIFKEAEKFF VSIGLPNMTQ GFWDNSMLTE PGD GRKVVC HPTAWDLGKG DFRIKMCTKV TMDDFLTAHH EMGHIQYDMA YATQPYLLRN GANEGFHEAV GEIMSLSAAT PHYL KALGL LPPDFYEDSE TEINFLLKQA LTIVGTLPFT YMLEKWRWMV FKGKIPKEQW MQKWWEMKRE IVGVVEPLPH DETYC DPAC LFHVAEDYSF IRYYTRTIYQ FQFHEALCQT AKHEGPLYKC DISNSTDAGQ RLLQMLNLGK SEPWTLALER IVGAKT MDV KPLLNYFEPL LTWLKDQNGN SFVGWSTDWT PYSE

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Macromolecule #2: Spike glycoprotein

MacromoleculeName: Spike glycoprotein / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Molecular weightTheoretical: 135.118859 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: MFVFLVLLPL VSSQCVNLTT RTQLPPAYTN SFTRGVYYPD KVFRSSVLHS TQDLFLPFFS NVTWFHAIHV SGTNGTKRFD NPVLPFNDG VYFASTEKSN IIRGWIFGTT LDSKTQSLLI VNNATNVVIK VCEFQFCNDP FLGVYYHKNN KSWMESEFRV Y SSANNCTF ...String:
MFVFLVLLPL VSSQCVNLTT RTQLPPAYTN SFTRGVYYPD KVFRSSVLHS TQDLFLPFFS NVTWFHAIHV SGTNGTKRFD NPVLPFNDG VYFASTEKSN IIRGWIFGTT LDSKTQSLLI VNNATNVVIK VCEFQFCNDP FLGVYYHKNN KSWMESEFRV Y SSANNCTF EYVSQPFLMD LEGKQGNFKN LREFVFKNID GYFKIYSKHT PINLVRDLPQ GFSALEPLVD LPIGINITRF QT LLALHRS YLTPGDSSSG WTAGAAAYYV GYLQPRTFLL KYNENGTITD AVDCALDPLS ETKCTLKSFT VEKGIYQTSN FRV QPTESI VRFPNITNLC PFGEVFNATR FASVYAWNRK RISNCVADYS VLYNSASFST FKCYGVSPTK LNDLCFTNVY ADSF VIRGD EVRQIAPGQT GKIADYNYKL PDDFTGCVIA WNSNNLDSKV GGNYNYLYRL FRKSNLKPFE RDISTEIYQA GSTPC NGVE GFNCYFPLQS YGFQPTNGVG YQPYRVVVLS FELLHAPATV CGPKKSTNLV KNKCVNFNFN GLTGTGVLTE SNKKFL PFQ QFGRDIADTT DAVRDPQTLE ILDITPCSFG GVSVITPGTN TSNQVAVLYQ DVNCTEVPVA IHADQLTPTW RVYSTGS NV FQTRAGCLIG AEHVNNSYEC DIPIGAGICA SYQTQTNSPG SASSVASQSI IAYTMSLGAE NSVAYSNNSI AIPTNFTI S VTTEILPVSM TKTSVDCTMY ICGDSTECSN LLLQYGSFCT QLNRALTGIA VEQDKNTQEV FAQVKQIYKT PPIKDFGGF NFSQILPDPS KPSKRSPIED LLFNKVTLAD AGFIKQYGDC LGDIAARDLI CAQKFNGLTV LPPLLTDEMI AQYTSALLAG TITSGWTFG AGPALQIPFP MQMAYRFNGI GVTQNVLYEN QKLIANQFNS AIGKIQDSLS STPSALGKLQ DVVNQNAQAL N TLVKQLSS NFGAISSVLN DILSRLDPPE AEVQIDRLIT GRLQSLQTYV TQQLIRAAEI RASANLAATK MSECVLGQSK RV DFCGKGY HLMSFPQSAP HGVVFLHVTY VPAQEKNFTT APAICHDGKA HFPREGVFVS NGTHWFVTQR NFYEPQIITT DNT FVSGNC DVVIGIVNNT VYDPLQPELD SFKEELDKYF KNHTSPDVDL GDISGINASV VNIQKEIDRL NEVAKNLNES LIDL QELGK YEQYIKWPWY IW

UniProtKB: Spike glycoprotein

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Macromolecule #3: ZINC ION

MacromoleculeName: ZINC ION / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: ZN
Molecular weightTheoretical: 65.409 Da

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Macromolecule #4: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

MacromoleculeName: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: NAG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 221.208 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 8
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.0 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.12 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 227185
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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