National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)
HSSN261200800001E
United States
Citation
Journal: Nature / Year: 2021 Title: Nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Authors: Jianliang Xu / Kai Xu / Seolkyoung Jung / Andrea Conte / Jenna Lieberman / Frauke Muecksch / Julio Cesar Cetrulo Lorenzi / Solji Park / Fabian Schmidt / Zijun Wang / Yaoxing Huang / Yang Luo ...Authors: Jianliang Xu / Kai Xu / Seolkyoung Jung / Andrea Conte / Jenna Lieberman / Frauke Muecksch / Julio Cesar Cetrulo Lorenzi / Solji Park / Fabian Schmidt / Zijun Wang / Yaoxing Huang / Yang Luo / Manoj S Nair / Pengfei Wang / Jonathan E Schulz / Lino Tessarollo / Tatsiana Bylund / Gwo-Yu Chuang / Adam S Olia / Tyler Stephens / I-Ting Teng / Yaroslav Tsybovsky / Tongqing Zhou / Vincent Munster / David D Ho / Theodora Hatziioannou / Paul D Bieniasz / Michel C Nussenzweig / Peter D Kwong / Rafael Casellas / Abstract: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Although a number of vaccines have been deployed, the continual evolution of the receptor-binding domain ...Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Although a number of vaccines have been deployed, the continual evolution of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus has challenged their efficacy. In particular, the emerging variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 (first detected in the UK, South Africa and Brazil, respectively) have compromised the efficacy of sera from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 and immunotherapies that have received emergency use authorization. One potential alternative to avert viral escape is the use of camelid VHHs (variable heavy chain domains of heavy chain antibody (also known as nanobodies)), which can recognize epitopes that are often inaccessible to conventional antibodies. Here, we isolate anti-RBD nanobodies from llamas and from mice that we engineered to produce VHHs cloned from alpacas, dromedaries and Bactrian camels. We identified two groups of highly neutralizing nanobodies. Group 1 circumvents antigenic drift by recognizing an RBD region that is highly conserved in coronaviruses but rarely targeted by human antibodies. Group 2 is almost exclusively focused to the RBD-ACE2 interface and does not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants that carry E484K or N501Y substitutions. However, nanobodies in group 2 retain full neutralization activity against these variants when expressed as homotrimers, and-to our knowledge-rival the most potent antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 that have been produced to date. These findings suggest that multivalent nanobodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 mutations through two separate mechanisms: enhanced avidity for the ACE2-binding domain and recognition of conserved epitopes that are largely inaccessible to human antibodies. Therefore, although new SARS-CoV-2 mutants will continue to emerge, nanobodies represent promising tools to prevent COVID-19 mortality when vaccines are compromised.
History
Deposition
May 20, 2021
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Header (metadata) release
Jun 16, 2021
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Map release
Jun 16, 2021
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Update
Jul 28, 2021
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Current status
Jul 28, 2021
Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released
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Structure visualization
Movie
Surface view with section colored by density value
Model: Quantifoil R2/2 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 400 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 293 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
FEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 6796 / Average exposure time: 2.0 sec. / Average electron dose: 40.3 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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