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Open data
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Basic information
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Title | Outward-facing auxin bound form of auxin transporter PIN8 | |||||||||
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![]() | Auxin transport / AEC family / BART superfamily / MEMBRANE PROTEIN | |||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity / auxin export across the plasma membrane / pollen development / auxin-activated signaling pathway / cell periphery / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / endoplasmic reticulum / protein homodimerization activity / identical protein binding / plasma membrane Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.18 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Ung KL / Winkler MBL | |||||||||
Funding support | European Union, 1 items
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![]() | ![]() Title: Structures and mechanism of the plant PIN-FORMED auxin transporter. Authors: Kien Lam Ung / Mikael Winkler / Lukas Schulz / Martina Kolb / Dorina P Janacek / Emil Dedic / David L Stokes / Ulrich Z Hammes / Bjørn Panyella Pedersen / ![]() ![]() ![]() Abstract: Auxins are hormones that have central roles and control nearly all aspects of growth and development in plants. The proteins in the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family (also known as the auxin efflux carrier ...Auxins are hormones that have central roles and control nearly all aspects of growth and development in plants. The proteins in the PIN-FORMED (PIN) family (also known as the auxin efflux carrier family) are key participants in this process and control auxin export from the cytosol to the extracellular space. Owing to a lack of structural and biochemical data, the molecular mechanism of PIN-mediated auxin transport is not understood. Here we present biophysical analysis together with three structures of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN8: two outward-facing conformations with and without auxin, and one inward-facing conformation bound to the herbicide naphthylphthalamic acid. The structure forms a homodimer, with each monomer divided into a transport and scaffold domain with a clearly defined auxin binding site. Next to the binding site, a proline-proline crossover is a pivot point for structural changes associated with transport, which we show to be independent of proton and ion gradients and probably driven by the negative charge of the auxin. The structures and biochemical data reveal an elevator-type transport mechanism reminiscent of bile acid/sodium symporters, bicarbonate/sodium symporters and sodium/proton antiporters. Our results provide a comprehensive molecular model for auxin recognition and transport by PINs, link and expand on a well-known conceptual framework for transport, and explain a central mechanism of polar auxin transport, a core feature of plant physiology, growth and development. | |||||||||
History |
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Structure visualization
Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 32.4 MB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 20.2 KB 20.2 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
FSC (resolution estimation) | ![]() | 7.2 KB | Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 140.8 KB | ||
Masks | ![]() | 34.3 MB | ![]() | |
Filedesc metadata | ![]() | 6.7 KB | ||
Others | ![]() ![]() | 31.8 MB 31.8 MB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 7qpaMC ![]() 7qp9C ![]() 7qpcC C: citing same article ( M: atomic model generated by this map |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Map
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Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.294 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Mask #1
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-Half map: #2
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Density Histograms |
-Half map: #1
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Density Histograms |
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Sample components
-Entire : IAA bound form of PIN8
Entire | Name: IAA bound form of PIN8 |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: IAA bound form of PIN8
Supramolecule | Name: IAA bound form of PIN8 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1 / Details: dimer form of PIN8 |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 81 KDa |
-Macromolecule #1: Auxin efflux carrier component 8
Macromolecule | Name: Auxin efflux carrier component 8 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 41.541039 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MGISWLDIYH VVSATVPLYV SMTLGFLSAR HLKLFSPEQC AGINKFVAKF SIPLLSFQII SENNPFKMSP KLILSDILQK FLVVVVLAM VLRFWHPTGG RGGKLGWVIT GLSISVLPNT LILGMPILSA IYGDEAASIL EQIVVLQSLI WYTILLFLFE L NAARALPS ...String: MGISWLDIYH VVSATVPLYV SMTLGFLSAR HLKLFSPEQC AGINKFVAKF SIPLLSFQII SENNPFKMSP KLILSDILQK FLVVVVLAM VLRFWHPTGG RGGKLGWVIT GLSISVLPNT LILGMPILSA IYGDEAASIL EQIVVLQSLI WYTILLFLFE L NAARALPS SGASLEHTGN DQEEANIEDE PKEEEDEEEV AIVRTRSVGT MKILLKAWRK LIINPNTYAT LIGIIWATLH FR LGWNLPE MIDKSIHLLS DGGLGMAMFS LGLFMASQSS IIACGTKMAI ITMLLKFVLG PALMIASAYC IRLKSTLFKV AIL QAALPQ GVVPFVFAKE YNLHPEIIST GVIFGMLIAL PTTLAYYFLL DLPGENLYFQ UniProtKB: Auxin efflux carrier component 8 |
-Macromolecule #2: 1H-INDOL-3-YLACETIC ACID
Macromolecule | Name: 1H-INDOL-3-YLACETIC ACID / type: ligand / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: IAC |
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Molecular weight | Theoretical: 175.184 Da |
Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-IAC: |
-Macromolecule #3: 1,2-DILINOLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE
Macromolecule | Name: 1,2-DILINOLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / type: ligand / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: DLP |
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Molecular weight | Theoretical: 782.082 Da |
Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-DLP: |
-Macromolecule #4: water
Macromolecule | Name: water / type: ligand / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 64 / Formula: HOH |
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Molecular weight | Theoretical: 18.015 Da |
Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-HOH: |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
Concentration | 10 mg/mL | ||||||||||||
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Buffer | pH: 7.5 Component:
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Grid | Model: C-flat-1.2/1.3 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Support film - Film thickness: 20 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 45 sec. / Details: The grid was glow-discharge at 15 mA | ||||||||||||
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV Details: Wait 4 seconds after sample loading, Blotting time 4 seconds with blotting force of -1 before plunging. |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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Specialist optics | Energy filter - Name: GIF Bioquantum / Energy filter - Slit width: 20 eV |
Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 5760 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 4092 pixel / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 15771 / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 2.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.5 µm / Nominal magnification: 130000 |
Sample stage | Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |