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- PDB-9bft: Cryo-EM co-structure of AcrB with CU244 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9bft
TitleCryo-EM co-structure of AcrB with CU244
ComponentsMultidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB
KeywordsTRANSLOCASE / AcrB Multidrug Efflux Pump
Function / homology
Function and homology information


xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the cell outer membrane / efflux pump complex / periplasmic side of plasma membrane / xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity / efflux transmembrane transporter activity / outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space / membrane / identical protein binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Hydrophobe/amphiphile efflux-1 HAE1 / Acriflavin resistance protein / Multidrug efflux transporter AcrB TolC docking domain, DN/DC subdomains / AcrB/AcrD/AcrF family
Similarity search - Domain/homology
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / : / Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesEscherichia coli K-12 (bacteria)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.44 Å
AuthorsSu, C.C.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) United States
CitationJournal: mBio / Year: 2023
Title: Bacterial efflux pump modulators prevent bacterial growth in macrophages and under broth conditions that mimic the host environment.
Authors: Samual C Allgood / Chih-Chia Su / Amy L Crooks / Christian T Meyer / Bojun Zhou / Meredith D Betterton / Michael R Barbachyn / Edward W Yu / Corrella S Detweiler /
Abstract: New approaches for combating microbial infections are needed. One strategy for disrupting pathogenesis involves developing compounds that interfere with bacterial virulence. A critical molecular ...New approaches for combating microbial infections are needed. One strategy for disrupting pathogenesis involves developing compounds that interfere with bacterial virulence. A critical molecular determinant of virulence for Gram-negative bacteria are efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family, which includes AcrAB-TolC. We previously identified small molecules that bind AcrB, inhibit AcrAB-TolC, and do not appear to damage membranes. These efflux pump modulators (EPMs) were discovered in an in-cell screening platform called SAFIRE (Screen for Anti-infectives using Fluorescence microscopy of IntracellulaR Enterobacteriaceae). SAFIRE identifies compounds that disrupt the growth of a Gram-negative human pathogen, serotype Typhimurium (. Typhimurium), in macrophages. We used medicinal chemistry to iteratively design ~200 EPM35 analogs and test them for activity in SAFIRE, generating compounds with nanomolar potency. Analogs were demonstrated to bind AcrB in a substrate binding pocket by cryo-electron microscopy. Despite having amphipathic structures, the EPM analogs do not disrupt membrane voltage, as monitored by FtsZ localization to the cell septum. The EPM analogs had little effect on bacterial growth in standard Mueller Hinton Broth. However, under broth conditions that mimic the micro-environment of the macrophage phagosome, is required for growth, the EPM analogs are bacteriostatic, and the EPM analogs increase the potency of antibiotics. These data suggest that under macrophage-like conditions, the EPM analogs prevent the export of a toxic bacterial metabolite(s) through AcrAB-TolC. Thus, compounds that bind AcrB could disrupt infection by specifically interfering with the export of bacterial toxic metabolites, host defense factors, and/or antibiotics.IMPORTANCEBacterial efflux pumps are critical for resistance to antibiotics and for virulence. We previously identified small molecules that inhibit efflux pumps (efflux pump modulators, EPMs) and prevent pathogen replication in host cells. Here, we used medicinal chemistry to increase the activity of the EPMs against pathogens in cells into the nanomolar range. We show by cryo-electron microscopy that these EPMs bind an efflux pump subunit. In broth culture, the EPMs increase the potency (activity), but not the efficacy (maximum effect), of antibiotics. We also found that bacterial exposure to the EPMs appear to enable the accumulation of a toxic metabolite that would otherwise be exported by efflux pumps. Thus, inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps could interfere with infection not only by potentiating antibiotics, but also by allowing toxic waste products to accumulate within bacteria, providing an explanation for why efflux pumps are needed for virulence in the absence of antibiotics.
History
DepositionApr 18, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0May 8, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB
B: Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB
C: Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)342,8096
Polymers340,9963
Non-polymers1,8133
Water905
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB / AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB / Acridine resistance protein B


Mass: 113665.180 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli K-12 (bacteria) / Gene: acrB, acrE, b0462, JW0451 / Production host: Escherichia coli K-12 (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P31224
#2: Chemical ChemComp-3PE / 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / 3-SN-PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE / Phosphatidylethanolamine


Mass: 748.065 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C41H82NO8P / Comment: phospholipid*YM
#3: Chemical ChemComp-A1AOF / (2S)-1-{[(1R,5R)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl]amino}-3-(3,5-dichlorophenoxy)propan-2-ol


Mass: 317.211 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C14H18Cl2N2O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#4: Water ChemComp-HOH / water / Water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: H6PD / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: NATURAL
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenConc.: 0.5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Details: This is from a heterogeneous and impure protein sample.
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 29 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.44 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 162048 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00324185
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.53732825
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d6.0063388
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.043856
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0044179

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