N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play essential roles in memory formation, neuronal plasticity, and brain development, with their dysfunction linked to a range of disorders from ischemia to ...N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play essential roles in memory formation, neuronal plasticity, and brain development, with their dysfunction linked to a range of disorders from ischemia to schizophrenia. Zinc and pH are physiological allosteric modulators of NMDARs, with GluN2A-containing receptors inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of divalent zinc and by excursions to low pH. Despite the widespread importance of zinc and proton modulation of NMDARs, the molecular mechanism by which these ions modulate receptor activity has proven elusive. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to elucidate the structure of the GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR in a large ensemble of conformations under a range of physiologically relevant zinc and proton concentrations. We show how zinc binding to the amino terminal domain elicits structural changes that are transduced though the ligand-binding domain and result in constriction of the ion channel gate.
EMDB-9147, PDB-6mm9: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '1-Knuckle' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 6.1 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.97 Å
EMDB-9148, PDB-6mma: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Extended' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 6.1 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.31 Å
EMDB-9149, PDB-6mmb: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Super-Splayed' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 6.1 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 12.7 Å
EMDB-9150, PDB-6mmg: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar EDTA, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.23 Å
EMDB-9151, PDB-6mmh: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Extended-2' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 8.21 Å
EMDB-9152, PDB-6mmi: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Splayed-Open' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 8.93 Å
EMDB-9153, PDB-6mmj: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Super-Splayed' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 16.5 Å
EMDB-9154, PDB-6mmk: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '1-Knuckle' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.08 Å
EMDB-9155, PDB-6mml: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '2-Knuckle-Asymmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 7.14 Å
EMDB-9156, PDB-6mmm: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the 'Extended-1' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.84 Å
EMDB-9157, PDB-6mmn: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 8.0 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 7.51 Å
EMDB-9158, PDB-6mmp: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 0.1 millimolar EDTA, and at pH 8.0 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.88 Å
EMDB-9159, PDB-6mmr: Diheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar zinc chloride, 3 millimolar EDTA, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.13 Å
EMDB-9160, PDB-6mms: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 millimolar EDTA, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.38 Å
EMDB-9161, PDB-6mmt: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* in the '1-Knuckle' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 7.46 Å
EMDB-9162, PDB-6mmu: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* in the '2-Knuckle-Asymmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.3 Å
EMDB-9163, PDB-6mmv: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* Extracellular Domain in the '2-Knuckle-Asymmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.71 Å
EMDB-9164, PDB-6mmw: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* in the '2-Knuckle-Symmetric' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.2 Å
EMDB-9165, PDB-6mmx: Triheteromeric NMDA receptor GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2A* in the 'Extended' conformation, in complex with glycine and glutamate, in the presence of 1 micromolar zinc chloride, and at pH 7.4 Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 6.99 Å
Oct 5, 2021. Nobel Prize for mechanically activated and temperature-gated ion channels
Nobel Prize for mechanically activated and temperature-gated ion channels
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch."
EM Navigator can help to find cryo-EM structure data by both pioneers.
In the structure databanks used in Yorodumi, some data are registered as the other names, "COVID-19 virus" and "2019-nCoV". Here are the details of the virus and the list of structure data.
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