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- PDB-7q3y: Structure of full-length, monomeric, soluble somatic angiotensin ... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 7q3y
TitleStructure of full-length, monomeric, soluble somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme showing the N- and C-terminal ellipsoid domains
ComponentsAngiotensin-converting enzyme
KeywordsHYDROLASE / Zinc metalloprotease Dicarboxypeptidase Glycoprotein
Function / homology
Function and homology information


mononuclear cell proliferation / cell proliferation in bone marrow / tripeptidyl-peptidase activity / bradykinin receptor binding / regulation of angiotensin metabolic process / exopeptidase activity / substance P catabolic process / response to laminar fluid shear stress / peptidyl-dipeptidase A / regulation of renal output by angiotensin ...mononuclear cell proliferation / cell proliferation in bone marrow / tripeptidyl-peptidase activity / bradykinin receptor binding / regulation of angiotensin metabolic process / exopeptidase activity / substance P catabolic process / response to laminar fluid shear stress / peptidyl-dipeptidase A / regulation of renal output by angiotensin / negative regulation of calcium ion import / positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation / positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure / negative regulation of gap junction assembly / metallodipeptidase activity / cellular response to aldosterone / hormone catabolic process / bradykinin catabolic process / angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis / response to thyroid hormone / negative regulation of glucose import / vasoconstriction / neutrophil mediated immunity / hormone metabolic process / regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation / regulation of smooth muscle cell migration / antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I / mitogen-activated protein kinase binding / embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching / positive regulation of neurogenesis / chloride ion binding / mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding / eating behavior / arachidonic acid secretion / post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression / lung alveolus development / peptide catabolic process / heterocyclic compound binding / heart contraction / response to dexamethasone / regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction / regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin / regulation of vasoconstriction / peptidyl-dipeptidase activity / angiotensin maturation / hematopoietic stem cell differentiation / blood vessel remodeling / Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins / animal organ regeneration / amyloid-beta metabolic process / carboxypeptidase activity / positive regulation of vasoconstriction / sperm midpiece / blood vessel diameter maintenance / response to nutrient levels / basal plasma membrane / kidney development / female pregnancy / angiotensin-activated signaling pathway / cellular response to glucose stimulus / brush border membrane / regulation of synaptic plasticity / metalloendopeptidase activity / regulation of blood pressure / male gonad development / metallopeptidase activity / actin binding / peptidase activity / spermatogenesis / endopeptidase activity / response to lipopolysaccharide / lysosome / response to hypoxia / calmodulin binding / endosome / response to xenobiotic stimulus / positive regulation of apoptotic process / external side of plasma membrane / negative regulation of gene expression / proteolysis / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / zinc ion binding / extracellular region / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Peptidase family M2 domain profile. / Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A / Angiotensin-converting enzyme / Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 4.34 Å
AuthorsLubbe, L. / Sewell, B.T. / Sturrock, E.D.
Funding support United Kingdom, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)ST/R002754/1 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: EMBO J / Year: 2022
Title: Cryo-EM reveals mechanisms of angiotensin I-converting enzyme allostery and dimerization.
Authors: Lizelle Lubbe / Bryan Trevor Sewell / Jeremy D Woodward / Edward D Sturrock /
Abstract: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. The somatic isoform of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (sACE) ...Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. The somatic isoform of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (sACE) plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation, and ACE inhibitors are thus widely used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Our current understanding of sACE structure, dynamics, function, and inhibition has been limited because truncated, minimally glycosylated forms of sACE are typically used for X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report the first cryo-EM structures of full-length, glycosylated, soluble sACE (sACE ). Both monomeric and dimeric forms of the highly flexible apo enzyme were reconstructed from a single dataset. The N- and C-terminal domains of monomeric sACE were resolved at 3.7 and 4.1 Å, respectively, while the interacting N-terminal domains responsible for dimer formation were resolved at 3.8 Å. Mechanisms are proposed for intradomain hinging, cooperativity, and homodimerization. Furthermore, the observation that both domains were in the open conformation has implications for the design of sACE modulators.
History
DepositionOct 29, 2021Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Jul 20, 2022Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jul 27, 2022Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last ..._citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID
Revision 1.2Aug 24, 2022Group: Database references / Category: citation / Item: _citation.journal_volume

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)146,51116
Polymers139,6141
Non-polymers6,89715
Water181
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551
Buried area7460 Å2
ΔGint55 kcal/mol
Surface area56300 Å2
MethodPISA

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Components

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Protein , 1 types, 1 molecules A

#1: Protein Angiotensin-converting enzyme / / ACE / Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I / Kininase II


Mass: 139614.000 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: P576L
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: Soluble secreted form of human somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme terminating at Ser1211
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ACE, DCP, DCP1 / Plasmid: pcDNA3.1+ / Cell line (production host): CHO-K1 / Production host: Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
References: UniProt: P12821, Hydrolases; Glycosylases; Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds, peptidyl-dipeptidase A

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Sugars , 6 types, 13 molecules

#2: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 748.682 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-6DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,4,3/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c6-d1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#3: Polysaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Polysaccharide
beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 910.823 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#6: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 1056.964 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-Glycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/4,6,5/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-4/a4-b1_a6-f1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}[(6+1)][a-L-Fucp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#9: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE / N-Acetylglucosamine


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Non-polymers , 3 types, 3 molecules

#7: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#8: Chemical ChemComp-CL / CHLORIDE ION / Chloride


Mass: 35.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Cl / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#10: Water ChemComp-HOH / water / Water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: full-length, soluble, monomeric somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.139 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) / Plasmid: pcDNA3.1+
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5 / Details: Solutions were prepared with deionized water
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
1125 mMsodium chlorideNaClSodium chloride1
20.01 mMzinc chlorideZnCl21
350 mMHEPESC8H18N2O4S1
SpecimenConc.: 1.5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Details: The protein was stored at 3.0mg/ml in 50mM HEPES (pH 7.5) and diluted immediately prior to grid preparation
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 200 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R2/2
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K
Details: Diluted protein (in buffer containing zinc chloride and sodium chloride) was incubated on ice for 30 minutes after which it was applied to the grid, incubated for 30 seconds, and blotted for ...Details: Diluted protein (in buffer containing zinc chloride and sodium chloride) was incubated on ice for 30 minutes after which it was applied to the grid, incubated for 30 seconds, and blotted for 3 seconds before plunging

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Nominal magnification: 81000 X / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Specimen holderSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 3 sec. / Electron dose: 43 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 11628
Details: Images were recorded in super-resolution mode with 40 frames per image
Image scansWidth: 5760 / Height: 4092

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Processing

Software
NameVersionClassificationNB
phenix.real_space_refine1.19.2_4158refinement
PHENIX1.19.2_4158refinement
EM software
IDNameVersionCategoryDetails
1Topaz0.2.5particle selection
2EPUimage acquisition
4cryoSPARC3.2CTF correctionpatch-based CTF estimation
7ISOLDE1.2.0model fitting
10cryoSPARC3.2final Euler assignment
11cryoSPARC3.2classification
12cryoSPARC3.23D reconstruction
13PHENIX1.19.2model refinement
CTF correctionDetails: cryoSPARC patch-based CTF estimation / Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 1727045
Details: Topaz-denoising was performed on all curated micrographs, a Topaz model trained on this dataset, and used for picking
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 4.34 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 121372 / Details: cryoSPARC non-uniform refinement was used / Num. of class averages: 81 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: FLEXIBLE FIT / Space: REAL / Target criteria: Correlation coefficient
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 131.96 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.006210537
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.808614348
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.04411603
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00851808
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.28363925

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