Journal: J Cell Biol / Year: 2020 Title: Cryo-EM structure of the complete and ligand-saturated insulin receptor ectodomain. Authors: Theresia Gutmann / Ingmar B Schäfer / Chetan Poojari / Beate Brankatschk / Ilpo Vattulainen / Mike Strauss / Ünal Coskun / Abstract: Glucose homeostasis and growth essentially depend on the hormone insulin engaging its receptor. Despite biochemical and structural advances, a fundamental contradiction has persisted in the current ...Glucose homeostasis and growth essentially depend on the hormone insulin engaging its receptor. Despite biochemical and structural advances, a fundamental contradiction has persisted in the current understanding of insulin ligand-receptor interactions. While biochemistry predicts two distinct insulin binding sites, 1 and 2, recent structural analyses have resolved only site 1. Using a combined approach of cryo-EM and atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, we present the structure of the entire dimeric insulin receptor ectodomain saturated with four insulin molecules. Complementing the previously described insulin-site 1 interaction, we present the first view of insulin bound to the discrete insulin receptor site 2. Insulin binding stabilizes the receptor ectodomain in a T-shaped conformation wherein the membrane-proximal domains converge and contact each other. These findings expand the current models of insulin binding to its receptor and of its regulation. In summary, we provide the structural basis for a comprehensive description of ligand-receptor interactions that ultimately will inform new approaches to structure-based drug design.
Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: COUNTING / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 51 / Average exposure time: 10.2 sec. / Average electron dose: 55.0 e/Å2
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
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Image processing
CTF correction
Software - Name: Gctf
Initial angle assignment
Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 2.1)
Final 3D classification
Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0)
Final angle assignment
Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0)
Final reconstruction
Applied symmetry - Point group: C1 (asymmetric) / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 4.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0) / Number images used: 326257
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