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TitleLys417 acts as a molecular switch that regulates the conformation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Journal, issue, pagesElife, Vol. 12, Year 2023
Publish dateNov 22, 2023
AuthorsQibin Geng / Yushun Wan / Fu-Chun Hsueh / Jian Shang / Gang Ye / Fan Bu / Morgan Herbst / Rowan Wilkens / Bin Liu / Fang Li /
PubMed AbstractSARS-CoV-2 spike protein plays a key role in mediating viral entry and inducing host immune responses. It can adopt either an open or closed conformation based on the position of its receptor-binding ...SARS-CoV-2 spike protein plays a key role in mediating viral entry and inducing host immune responses. It can adopt either an open or closed conformation based on the position of its receptor-binding domain (RBD). It is yet unclear what causes these conformational changes or how they influence the spike's functions. Here, we show that Lys417 in the RBD plays dual roles in the spike's structure: it stabilizes the closed conformation of the trimeric spike by mediating inter-spike-subunit interactions; it also directly interacts with ACE2 receptor. Hence, a K417V mutation has opposing effects on the spike's function: it opens up the spike for better ACE2 binding while weakening the RBD's direct binding to ACE2. The net outcomes of this mutation are to allow the spike to bind ACE2 with higher probability and mediate viral entry more efficiently, but become more exposed to neutralizing antibodies. Given that residue 417 has been a viral mutational hotspot, SARS-CoV-2 may have been evolving to strike a balance between infection potency and immune evasion, contributing to its pandemic spread.
External linksElife / PubMed:37991488 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.2 - 3.9 Å
Structure data

42589

8uul

EMDB-42589, PDB-8uul:
Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike (containing K417) in the closed conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

42590

8uum

EMDB-42590, PDB-8uum:
Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike (containing K417) in the open conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

42591

8uun

EMDB-42591, PDB-8uun:
Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike (containing V417) in the closed conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

42592

8uuo

EMDB-42592, PDB-8uuo:
Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike (containing V417) in the open conformation
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-Acetylglucosamine

ChemComp-MAN:
alpha-D-mannopyranose / Mannose

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike / Prototypic SARS-CoV-2 spike V417

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