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TitleA mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analog inhibitors.
Journal, issue, pagesCell, Vol. 185, Issue 23, Page 4347-4360.e17, Year 2022
Publish dateNov 10, 2022
AuthorsLiming Yan / Yucen Huang / Ji Ge / Zhenyu Liu / Pengchi Lu / Bo Huang / Shan Gao / Junbo Wang / Liping Tan / Sihan Ye / Fengxi Yu / Weiqi Lan / Shiya Xu / Feng Zhou / Lei Shi / Luke W Guddat / Yan Gao / Zihe Rao / Zhiyong Lou /
PubMed AbstractDecoration of cap on viral RNA plays essential roles in SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. Here, we report a mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and document structural details at atomic resolution. The ...Decoration of cap on viral RNA plays essential roles in SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. Here, we report a mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and document structural details at atomic resolution. The NiRAN domain in polymerase catalyzes the covalent link of RNA 5' end to the first residue of nsp9 (termed as RNAylation), thus being an intermediate to form cap core (GpppA) with GTP catalyzed again by NiRAN. We also reveal that triphosphorylated nucleotide analog inhibitors can be bonded to nsp9 and fit into a previously unknown "Nuc-pocket" in NiRAN, thus inhibiting nsp9 RNAylation and formation of GpppA. S-loop (residues 50-KTN-52) in NiRAN presents a remarkable conformational shift observed in RTC bound with sofosbuvir monophosphate, reasoning an "induce-and-lock" mechanism to design inhibitors. These findings not only improve the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and the mode of action of NAIs but also provide a strategy to design antiviral drugs.
External linksCell / PubMed:36335936 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.64 - 3.8 Å
Structure data

EMDB-34302, PDB-8gw1:
A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.31 Å

EMDB-34308: A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
PDB-8gwb: SARS-CoV-2 E-RTC complex with RNA-nsp9
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.75 Å

EMDB-34310: A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
PDB-8gwe: SARS-CoV-2 E-RTC complex with RNA-nsp9 and GMPPNP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.66 Å

EMDB-34311, PDB-8gwf:
A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.39 Å

EMDB-34312, PDB-8gwg:
A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.37 Å

EMDB-34313, PDB-8gwi:
A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.18 Å

EMDB-34314, PDB-8gwk:
SARS-CoV-2 RNA E-RTC complex with RMP-nsp9 and GMPPNP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.72 Å

EMDB-34316, PDB-8gwm:
SARS-CoV-2 E-RTC bound with MMP-nsp9 and GMPPNP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.64 Å

EMDB-34317: A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
PDB-8gwn: A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibitor of AT-527
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.38 Å

EMDB-34318, PDB-8gwo:
A mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 RNA capping and its inhibition by nucleotide analogue inhibitors
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-MN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-U5P:
URIDINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE / Uridine monophosphate

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER / Water

ChemComp-GNP:
PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-GUANYLATE ESTER / GppNHp, GMPPNP, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM / 5'-Guanylyl imidodiphosphate

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM / Guanosine triphosphate

ChemComp-F86:
[(2~{R},3~{S},4~{R},5~{R})-5-(4-azanylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-bis(oxidanyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate / medication, antivirus*YM / Remdesivir

ChemComp-6GS:
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methyluridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  • synthetic construct (others)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / SARS-CoV-2 / capping / nucleotide analogue inhibitor / cryo-EM / VIRAL PROTEIN/INHIBITOR / VIRAL PROTEIN-INHIBITOR complex

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