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TitleStructure of the metastatic factor P-Rex1 reveals a two-layered autoinhibitory mechanism.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Struct Mol Biol, Vol. 29, Issue 8, Page 767-773, Year 2022
Publish dateJul 21, 2022
AuthorsYong-Gang Chang / Christopher J Lupton / Charles Bayly-Jones / Alastair C Keen / Laura D'Andrea / Christina M Lucato / Joel R Steele / Hari Venugopal / Ralf B Schittenhelm / James C Whisstock / Michelle L Halls / Andrew M Ellisdon /
PubMed AbstractP-Rex (PI(3,4,5)P-dependent Rac exchanger) guanine nucleotide exchange factors potently activate Rho GTPases. P-Rex guanine nucleotide exchange factors are autoinhibited, synergistically activated by ...P-Rex (PI(3,4,5)P-dependent Rac exchanger) guanine nucleotide exchange factors potently activate Rho GTPases. P-Rex guanine nucleotide exchange factors are autoinhibited, synergistically activated by Gβγ and PI(3,4,5)P binding and dysregulated in cancer. Here, we use X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy and crosslinking mass spectrometry to determine the structural basis of human P-Rex1 autoinhibition. P-Rex1 has a bipartite structure of N- and C-terminal modules connected by a C-terminal four-helix bundle that binds the N-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In the N-terminal module, the Dbl homology (DH) domain catalytic surface is occluded by the compact arrangement of the DH-PH-DEP1 domains. Structural analysis reveals a remarkable conformational transition to release autoinhibition, requiring a 126° opening of the DH domain hinge helix. The off-axis position of Gβγ and PI(3,4,5)P binding sites further suggests a counter-rotation of the P-Rex1 halves by 90° facilitates PH domain uncoupling from the four-helix bundle, releasing the autoinhibited DH domain to drive Rho GTPase signaling.
External linksNat Struct Mol Biol / PubMed:35864164 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle) / X-ray diffraction
Resolution3.22 - 4.4 Å
Structure data

25524

7syf

EMDB-25524, PDB-7syf:
Reconstruction of full-length Prex-1 (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac Exchanger 1)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.2 Å

EMDB-25525: Localised reconstruction of the N-terminal half of P-Rex1 (PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac Exchanger 1)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.4 Å

EMDB-25526: Localised reconstruction of the C-terminal half of P-Rex 1 (PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac Exchanger 1)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.4 Å

PDB-7rx9:
Structure of autoinhibited P-Rex1
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 3.22 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-SO4:
SULFATE ION / Sulfate

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • enterobacteria phage t4 (virus)
KeywordsSIGNALING PROTEIN / P-Rex1 / P-Rex2 / GEF / cell growth / Rac1 / Cdc42 / ONCOPROTEIN / guanine nucleotide exchange factor / metastasis / plasma membrane / Rho GTPase signalling

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