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Structure paper

TitleCryo-EM structures of the channelrhodopsin ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Vol. 13, Issue 1, Page 4842, Year 2022
Publish dateAug 17, 2022
AuthorsKyle Tucker / Savitha Sridharan / Hillel Adesnik / Stephen G Brohawn /
PubMed AbstractMicrobial channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels widely used for optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity. ChRmine is a bacteriorhodopsin-like cation channelrhodopsin (BCCR) more closely ...Microbial channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels widely used for optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity. ChRmine is a bacteriorhodopsin-like cation channelrhodopsin (BCCR) more closely related to ion pump rhodopsins than other channelrhodopsins. ChRmine displays unique properties favorable for optogenetics including high light sensitivity, a broad, red-shifted activation spectrum, cation selectivity, and large photocurrents, while its slow closing kinetics impedes some applications. The structural basis for ChRmine function, or that of any other BCCR, is unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs in apo (opsin) and retinal-bound (rhodopsin) forms. The structures reveal an unprecedented trimeric architecture with a lipid filled central pore. Large electronegative cavities on either side of the membrane facilitate high conductance and selectivity for cations over protons. The retinal binding pocket structure suggests channel properties could be tuned with mutations and we identify ChRmine variants with ten-fold decreased and two-fold increased closing rates. A T119A mutant shows favorable properties relative to wild-type and previously reported ChRmine variants for optogenetics. These results provide insight into structural features that generate an ultra-potent microbial opsin and provide a platform for rational engineering of channelrhodopsins with improved properties that could expand the scale, depth, and precision of optogenetic experiments.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:35977941 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.74 - 4.1 Å
Structure data

25079

7sfj

EMDB-25079, PDB-7sfj:
ChRmine in MSP1E3D1 lipid nanodisc
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.74 Å

25091

7sfk

EMDB-25091, PDB-7sfk:
ChRmine in MSP1E3D1 lipid nanodisc
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.74 Å

25135

7shs

EMDB-25135, PDB-7shs:
Apo-ChRmine in MSP1E3D1 lipid nanodisc
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.1 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-PEE:
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine / DOPE, phospholipid*YM / Discrete optimized protein energy

ChemComp-RET:
RETINAL / Retinal

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER / Water

Source
  • Tiarina fusa (eukaryote)
  • rhodomonas lens (eukaryote)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Channelrhodopsin / ion channel

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